Thứ năm, ngày 28 tháng 3 năm 2024

Reasoning EU Enlargement to the East in 2004 and 2007: A Rationalist vis-à-vis a Constructivist Approach

In the Iron Curtain era, Europe witnessed the East-West reconciliation in the 1975 Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation. That cooperative trend, unfortunately, did not go any steps further in the shadow of the Cold War. Nevertheless, the EU enlargement in 2004 and 2007 included the former Central and Eastern Europe (hereafter referred to as CEE) “enemies” after a decade of membership negotiations. So what made that change? Academic literature on EU enlargement to the East appears to divide into two main camps which are rationalist and constructivist perspectives. While the former explains EU enlargement on the basis of material interests and cost-benefit analyses, the latter seeks to solve the puzzles under normative considerations. The paper would argue that although security and economic and political gains, which are the main arguments of rationalists, were important factors in expending the EU eastwards, rationalist explanations failed to address the question of what made the potential costs acceptable for the EU to enlarge. Such shortcoming is resolved by constructivist viewpoints, that is, a strong sense of collective identities and shared norms and values was required to promote eastern enlargement. Constructivists also suggest that the effect of democratic norms and values on state behaviour must be understood in the context that norms and values were constructed and in the strategy that actors exploited the adherence of the EU members to democratic norms in pursuit of their self-interests in enlargement.

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